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2018 Price of Paclitaxel
Paclitaxel 150 mg/25 ml vial
ml
* price without discount in nearest pharmacy. Price may vary.
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Paclitaxel volume of distribution
* 227 to 688 L/m^2 (apparent volume of distribution at steady-state, 24 hour infusion)
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What is Paclitaxel
Paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. It was discovered in a US National Cancer Institute program at the Research Triangle Institute in 1967 when Monroe E. Wall and Mansukh C. Wani isolated it from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia and named it taxol. Later it was discovered that endophytic fungi in the bark synthesize paclitaxel. When it was developed commercially by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), the generic name was changed to paclitaxel and the BMS compound is sold under the trademark Taxol. In this formulation, paclitaxel is dissolved in Kolliphor EL and ethanol, as a delivery agent. A newer formulation, in which paclitaxel is bound to albumin, is sold under the trademark Abraxane. (Wikipedia)
Paclitaxel mechanism of action
Paclitaxel interferes with the normal function of microtubule growth. Whereas drugs like colchicine cause the depolymerization of microtubules in vivo, paclitaxel arrests their function by having the opposite effect; it hyper-stabilizes their structure. This destroys the cell’s ability to use its cytoskeleton in a flexible manner. Specifically, paclitaxel binds to the beta; subunit of tubulin. Tubulin is the “building block” of mictotubules, and the binding of paclitaxel locks these building blocks in place. The resulting microtubule/paclitaxel complex does not have the ability to disassemble. This adversely affects cell function because the shortening and lengthening of microtubules (termed dynamic instability) is necessary for their function as a transportation highway for the cell. Chromosomes, for example, rely upon this property of microtubules during mitosis. Further research has indicated that paclitaxel induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cancer cells by binding to an apoptosis stopping protein called Bcl-2 (B-cell leukemia 2) and thus arresting its function.
Dosage forms of Paclitaxel
| Form | Route | Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Injection, powder, lyophilized, for suspension | intravenous | 100 mg/20mL |
| Powder for suspension for infusion | Intravenous use | 5 mg/ml |
| Powder for suspension | intravenous | 100 mg |
Prescription Generics
false
International Brands
Abraxane
Synonyms
(2AR-(2aalpha,4beta,4abeta,6beta,9alpha(alpha r*,betas*),11alpha,12alpha,12balpha))-beta-(benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester 5beta,20-Epoxy-1,2-alpha,4,7beta,10beta,13alpha-hexahydroxytax-11-en-9-one 4,10-diacetate 2-benzoate 13-ester with (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine
Manufacturers
Abraxis Bio Science, Llc
CAS number
33069-62-4
UNII
P88XT4IS4D
State
solid
Affected organisms
Humans and other mammals
Indication of Paclitaxel
Used in the treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma and cancer of the lung, ovarian, and breast. Abraxane is specfically indicated for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
Toxicity of Paclitaxel
Rat (ipr) LD sub50 /sub=32530 micro;g/kg. Symptoms of overdose include bone marrow suppression, peripheral neurotoxicity, and mucositis. Overdoses in pediatric patients may be associated with acute ethanol toxicity.
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